1. Yintoni iswitshi?
Ukutshintshana, ukutshintshwa kuhambelana neemfuno zokuhanjiswa kolwazi, ulwazi oluza kuhanjiswa yincwadana okanye izixhobo kwindlela ehambelanayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ukutshintsha okubanzi luhlobo lwesixhobo esigqibezela umsebenzi wotshintshiselwano ngolwazi kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano. Le nkqubo itshintshiselwano eyenziweyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngoku sele sisasaze iiswitshi ezilawulwa yiprogram, inkqubo yokutshintshiselana iyazenzekela. Kwinkqubo yenethiwekhi yekhompyutheni, ingcamango yotshintshiselwano luphuculo lwendlela yokusebenza ekwabelwana ngayo. Siye sazisa hub hub luhlobo izixhobo ukwabelana, HUB ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuchonga idilesi, xa efanayo LAN host ukuya B data data, iipakethi data kuthungelwano lusasazo transmission, yi terminal nganye, ngokusebenzisa yokuqinisekisa data Baotou idilesi ulwazi. ukugqiba ukuba uyakwamkela na. Oko kukuthi, ngale ndlela yokusebenza, isethi enye kuphela yezakhelo zedatha inokudluliselwa kwinethiwekhi ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye ukuba kukho ukungqubana, kufuneka uzame kwakhona. Le ndlela yokwabelana nge-bandwidth yenethiwekhi. Umtshintshi unebhasi ephezulu kakhulu yokubuyela umva kunye ne-matrix yokutshintshiselana kwangaphakathi. Zonke izibuko zokutshintsha zifakwe kwibhasi yangasemva. Emva kokuba isiphaluka solawulo sifumana ipakethi, i-port yokucubungula iya kufumana itafile yokulawula idilesi kwimemori ukumisela i-NIC (ikhadi lenethiwekhi) ye-MAC (idilesi ye-hardware yekhadi lomnatha) kwi-port ekuyiwa kuyo ngokusebenzisa i-port yendawo, ukutshintshisa ithuba "ukufunda" idilesi entsha kwaye uyongeze kwitafile yedilesi yangaphakathi. Ukutshintshana kunye nokutshintsha kuvela kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano yomnxeba (PSTN), ngoku sinokubona kwifilimu endala: intloko (umsebenzisi wefowuni) wathatha imakrofoni ukuze ashukume, i-bureau ngumqolo ogcweleyo umatshini wocingo, enxibe i-headset call lady emva koko. ukufumana iimfuno zoqhagamshelwano, faka intambo ekuphumeni okuhambelanayo, ukuseka uxhulumaniso lwesiphelo somthengi ababini, de kube sekupheleni komnxeba. Oku kwakhona "icandelo" inethiwekhi, apho iswitshi ivumela kuphela i-traffic yenethiwekhi eyimfuneko ngokutshintsha. Ngokusefa kokutshintsha kunye nokuthunyelwa, kunokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo izaqhwithi zokusasaza, ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kweepakethi zobuxoki kunye neepakethi ezingalunganga, kwaye uphephe iingxabano ekwabelwana ngazo. Ukutshintsha kunokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwezibini ezininzi zamazibuko ngexesha elinye. Izibuko ngalinye linokuthathwa njengecandelo lenethiwekhi elahlukileyo, kwaye isixhobo sothungelwano esiqhagamshelwe kuso sodwa sinandipha yonke i-bandwidth, ngaphandle kokukhuphisana nezinye izixhobo. Xa i-node A ithumela idatha kwi-node D, i-node B ingathumela idatha kwi-node C ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye zombini ukuhanjiswa bonwabele i-bandwidth epheleleyo yenethiwekhi kwaye banonxibelelwano lwabo olubonakalayo. Ukuba utshintsho lwe-Ethernet lwe-10Mbps lusetyenziswa apha, ukujikeleza okupheleleyo kokutshintsha kuyalingana ne-210Mbps = 20Mbps, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-HUB ekwabelwana ngayo ye-10Mbps, ukujikeleza okupheleleyo kwe-HUB akuyi kudlula i-10Mbps. Ngamafutshane, iswitshi sisixhobo sothungelwano esisekwe kuchongiso lwedilesi ye-MAC kwaye inokugqiba umsebenzi we-encapsulating kunye nokudlulisa iipakethi zedatha. Iswitshi inako"
2. Yintoni indima yokutshintsha?
"Utshintshiselwano" lelona gama lixhaphakileyo kwi-Intanethi namhlanje, ukusuka kwibhuloho ukuya kwindlela eya kwi-ATM ukuya kwinkqubo yemfonomfono, inokusetyenziswa, hayi kanye kanye eyona nto itshintshileyo. Enyanisweni, igama lokutshintshiselana laqala ukubonakala kwinkqubo yefowuni, ebhekisela kutshintshiselwano lweempawu zezwi phakathi kweefowuni ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isixhobo esigqibezela umsebenzi sitshintshi sefowuni. Ngoko ke, njengoko kwakujoliswe ekuqaleni, utshintshiselwano luyingcamango yobugcisa, oko kukuthi, ukugqiba ukuthunyelwa kwesignali ukusuka kwisixhobo sokungena ekuphumeni. Ke ngoko, zonke izixhobo logama nje zikhona kwaye zidibana nenkcazo zinokubizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokutshintsha. Ngaloo ndlela, "utshintshiselwano" ligama elibanzi elibhekisela kwisixhobo sokudibanisa xa sisetyenziselwa ukuchaza umaleko wesibini wothungelwano lwedatha, kunye nesixhobo somzila xa sisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isixhobo soluhlu lwesithathu lwenethiwekhi yedatha. . Ukutshintsha kwe-Ethernet esihlala sithetha ngayo ngenene sisixhobo sothungelwano se-multi-port umaleko wesibini esekwe kubuchwepheshe bebhulorho, ebonelela nge-latency ephantsi kunye nofikelelo olusezantsi lokuthunyelwa kwezakhelo zedatha ukusuka kwelinye izibuko ukuya kwelinye. Ngaloo ndlela, kufuneka kubekho i-matrix yotshintshiselwano ngaphakathi kombindi wotshintshiselwano olubonelela umendo wonxibelelwano phakathi kwawo nawaphi na amazibuko amabini, okanye ibhasi yokutshintshiselana ngokukhawuleza ukuthumela izakhelo zedatha ezifunyenwe naliphi na izibuko ukusuka kwamanye amazibuko. Kwizixhobo ezisebenzayo, umsebenzi we-matrix yokutshintshiselana uhlala ugqitywe yi-chip ekhethekileyo (ASIC). Ukongeza, ukutshintshela kwe-ethernet kwingcamango yoyilo inombono obalulekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukutshintshiselana kwesantya esingundoqo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo idatha enkulu yezithuthi ayiyi kwenza ukuxinana kwayo, ngamanye amazwi, ukukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngokumalunga nolwazi kwaye okungapheliyo (ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-ATM yokutshintsha kwingcamango yoyilo kukuba, ukukwazi ukutshintshisana kwesihlobo kulwazi kulinganiselwe). Nangona i-ethernet tier 2 switch isekelwe kwibhuloho ye-multi-port, ukutshintsha kuneempawu ezicebileyo, kungekhona nje indlela engcono yokufumana i-bandwidth engaphezulu, kodwa yenza ukuba inethiwekhi ibe lula ukulawula.
3 Inkqubo yokutshintsha
Njengesixhobo esiphambili soqhagamshelo lwe-LAN, iswitshi ye-Ethernet ibe yenye yezona zixhobo zidumileyo zenethiwekhi. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokutshintshiselana, ixabiso lokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet liye lahla kakhulu, kwaye ukutshintshiselana kwideskithophu kube yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukuba i-Ethernet yakho inabasebenzisi abaninzi, izicelo ezixakekileyo, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeeseva, kwaye awenzanga naluphi na utshintsho kwisakhiwo sayo, yonke intsebenzo yenethiwekhi ingaba phantsi kakhulu. Esinye isisombululo kukongeza i-10 / 100Mbps ukutshintshela kwi-Ethernet, engakwazi ukuphatha kuphela imilambo yedatha ye-Ethernet rhoqo kwi-10Mbps, kodwa iphinde ixhase uxhumano lwe-Ethernet olukhawulezayo kwi-100Mbps. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi kudlula i-40% kwaye izinga lokungqubana likhulu kune-10%, ukutshintshwa kunokukunceda ukusombulula kancinci. Ukutshintsha kunye ne-100Mbps ekhawulezayo ye-Ethernet kunye ne-10Mbps izibuko ze-Ethernet zinokusebenza kwi-duplex epheleleyo, kunye ne-20Mbps ezinikeleyo kwi-200Mbps uxhulumaniso olusekiweyo. Akunjalo kuphela imisebenzi yokutshintsha eyahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi, kodwa kunye nemiphumo yokongezwa okutsha kunye nokutshintsha okukhoyo kwindawo efanayo yenethiwekhi. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kunye nokulawula imo yetrafikhi yenethiwekhi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokudlala indima yokutshintsha. Ngenxa yokuba injongo yokusebenzisa iswitshi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa nokucoca ukuhamba kwedatha kuthungelwano, ngoko ke ukuba iswitshi kuthungelwano ngenxa yendawo engafanelekanga yofakelo, phantse idinga ukuhambisa zonke iipakethi ezifunyenweyo, iswitshi ayinakudlala indima ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kodwa kunciphisa isantya sothumelo lwedatha, kwandisa ukulibaziseka kwenethiwekhi. Ukongeza kwindawo yokufakela, inokuba nefuthe elibi ukuba iitshintshi nazo zongezwa ngokungaboniyo kwiinethiwekhi ezinomthwalo ophantsi kunye nolwazi oluphantsi. Ukuphenjelelwa lixesha lokucubungula ipakethi, ubungakanani bebuffer bokutshintsha kunye nesidingo sokuhlaziya iipakethi ezintsha, usebenzisa i-HUB elula ingcono kule meko. Ngoko ke, asinakuvele sicinge ukuba iiswitshi zineenzuzo ngaphezu kwe-HUB, ngakumbi xa inethiwekhi yomsebenzisi ingaxinani kwaye kukho indawo eninzi ekhoyo, usebenzisa i-HUB inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo ezikhoyo zothungelwano.
4. Iindlela ezintathu zokutshintsha kokutshintsha
1. Uhlobo oluthe ngqo (Sika ngapha)
Ukutshintsha kwe-Ethernet kwimodi ethe ngqo kunokuqondwa njengomgca wefowuni ye-matrix phakathi kwamachweba. Xa izibuko legalelo libhaqa iphakheji yedatha, ijonga isihloko sempahla, ifumana idilesi ekujoliswe kuyo yempahla, iqala itheyibhile yokukhangela yangaphakathi eguquguqukayo ukuyiguqulela kwizibuko lemveliso ehambelanayo, iqhagamshela ekudibaneni kwegalelo kunye nemveliso, kwaye idibanisa ipakethe yedatha kwi-port ehambelanayo ukuqonda umsebenzi wokutshintshiselana. Ngaphandle kokugcinwa okufunekayo, ukulibaziseka kuncinci kakhulu kwaye utshintshiselwano lukhawuleza kakhulu, oluyinzuzo yalo. Ukungalungi kukuba ngenxa yokuba umxholo wepakethi awugcinwanga ngokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet, ayikwazi ukujonga ukuba iipakethi ezithunyelwayo azichanekanga kwaye azikwazi ukubonelela ngekhono lokubona iphutha. Ekubeni akukho cache, igalelo / izibuko zemveliso ezinamazinga ahlukeneyo azikwazi ukuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kulula ukuphulukana neepakethi.
2. Ugcino kunye nogqithiso (Gcina & Phambili)
Imo yogcino kunye nokudlulisa yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter. Igcina iipakethi zezibuko lokufaka kuqala, kwaye emva koko iqhube i-CRC (i-cyclic redundancy check check) jonga. Emva kokucubungula ipakethe yephutha, idilesi ekujoliswe kuyo yepakethi isusiwe, kwaye ithumela ipakethi kwi-port yemveliso ngokusebenzisa itafile yokukhangela. Ngenxa yoko, imodi yokugcinwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwayo inokulibaziseka okukhulu ekuqhutyweni kwedatha, okuyintlupheko yayo, kodwa inokubona iipakethi zedatha zingena kwitshintshi kwaye ziphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ngokukodwa, inokuxhasa ukuguqulwa phakathi kwamachweba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo, ukugcina ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwamazibuko esantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya esisezantsi.
3. Ukwahlulwa kweqhekeza (Isiqwenga saMahla)
Esi sisisombululo kwindawo ethile phakathi kwezi zimbini zokuqala. Ijonga ukuba ipakethe yi-64 bytes, kwaye ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-64 bytes, ibubuxoki; ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-64 bytes, ipakethe iyathunyelwa. Le ndlela nayo ayinikezeli ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha. Isantya sokucubungula idatha sikhawuleza kunokugcinwa kunye nemodi yokudlulisa, kodwa iyancipha kunendlela echanekileyo.
5 Tshintsha ukwahlulahlula
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, utshintsho lwahlulahlulwe lwaba ziindidi ezimbini: I-WAN switch kunye ne-LAN switch. Ukutshintsha kwe-WAN kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimi yonxibelelwano, ukubonelela ngesiseko sonxibelelwano. Kwaye iiswitshi ze-LAN zisetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwendawo yendawo ukudibanisa izixhobo zetheminali, ezinjengeePC kunye nabashicileli benethiwekhi. Ukusuka kwi-transmission medium kunye nesantya sokudluliselwa kunokwahlulwa kwi-Ethernet switch, iswitshi ye-Ethernet ekhawulezayo, iswitshi ye-Gigabit Ethernet, iswitshi ye-FDDI, iswitshi ye-ATM kunye ne-token ring switch. Ukususela kwisicelo sesikali, sinokwahlulwa sibe yinguqu yenqanaba loshishino, utshintsho lwenqanaba lesebe kunye nokutshintsha kweqela elisebenzayo. Isikali somenzi ngamnye asifani ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshintshwa kwenqanaba loshishino luhlobo lwe-rack, ngelixa ukutshintshwa kwenqanaba lesebe kunokuba luhlobo lwe-rack (inombolo ye-slot encinci) okanye uhlobo olusisigxina loqwalaselo, ngelixa ukutshintshwa kwenqanaba leqela elisebenzayo luhlobo loqwalaselo olusisigxina (umsebenzi olula ngokuthelekisa). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwembono yesikali sesicelo, njengokutshintsha kwe-backbone, ukutshintsha kwamashishini amakhulu kunye namanqaku olwazi angaphezu kwama-500 kukutshintsha kwenqanaba loshishino, ukutshintshela amashishini aphakathi ngaphantsi kwe-300 amanqaku olwazi kukutshintsha kwinqanaba lesebe, kunye nokutshintsha ngaphakathi kwe-100 yolwazi. amanqaku kukutshintsha kwenqanaba leqela elisebenzayo.
6 Tshintsha umsebenzi
Imisebenzi ephambili yokutshintsha ibandakanya
Indawo ebonakalayo
Ubume betopology yenethiwekhi
ujongo lwempazamo
Ulandelelwano lwesakhelo kunye nolawulo lokuhamba
I-VLAN (i-LAN ebonakalayo)
Ukuhlangana kwekhonkco
i-firewall
Ukongeza kokukwazi ukudibanisa kuhlobo olufanayo lweenethiwekhi, utshintsho lunokudibanisa phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi (ezifana ne-Ethernet kunye ne-Fast Ethernet). Ukutshintsha okuninzi namhlanje kunokubonelela ngeechwephelo zesantya esiphezulu ezixhasa i-Ethernet okanye i-FDDI ngokukhawuleza, njl., Ukuxhuma kwezinye iitshintshi kwinethiwekhi okanye ukubonelela nge-bandwidth eyongezelelweyo kwiiseva ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth enkulu. Ngokubanzi, izibuko ngalinye lokutshintsha lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa icandelo lothungelwano olwahlukileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukubonelela ngesantya sokufikelela ngokukhawuleza, sinokudibanisa iikhomputha zenethiwekhi ezibalulekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-port yokutshintsha. Ngale ndlela, iiseva eziphambili kunye nabasebenzisi abaphambili benethiwekhi baya kuba nezantya zokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuxhasa i-traffic yolwazi olukhulu.
Ngathi
Tshintsha ukuhlelwa kwempazamo:
Iimpazamo zokutshintsha zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziimpazamo zehardware kunye neempazamo zesoftware. Ukusilela kwe-Hardware ikakhulu kubhekisa kukusilela konikezelo lombane lokutshintsha, i-backplane, imodyuli, izibuko kunye namanye amacandelo, anokwahlulwa ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo.
(1)Ukusilela kwamandla:
unikezelo lwamandla lonakele okanye ifeni iyayeka ngenxa yonikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle olungazinzanga, okanye intambo yamandla egugayo, umbane ongatshintshiyo okanye ukubetha kombane, ngoko ayinakusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Umonakalo kwezinye iindawo zomatshini ngenxa yonikezelo lwamandla kwakhona kaninzi kwenzeka. Ngokujonga ezo mpazamo, kufuneka kuqala senze umsebenzi olungileyo wobonelelo lwamandla lwangaphandle, sazise iingcingo zombane ezizimeleyo ukubonelela ngobonelelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo, kwaye songeze isilawuli samandla ombane ukuphepha umbane ophezulu ngoko nangoko okanye isenzeko samandla ombane aphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iindlela ezimbini zonikezelo lwamandla ombane, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, akunakwenzeka ukubonelela ngombane ophindwe kabini kumtshintshi ngamnye. I-UPS (unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo) lungongezwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umbane oqhelekileyo wokutshintsha, kwaye kungcono ukusebenzisa i-UPS ebonelela ngomsebenzi wokuzinzisa umbane. Ukongeza, amanyathelo okukhusela umbane ochwephesha kufuneka amiselwe kwigumbi lomatshini ukuthintela umonakalo wombane kwiswitshi.
(2) Ukusilela kwezibuko:
le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokusilela kwehardware, nokuba lizibuko lefayibha okanye isibini esijijekileyo i-RJ-45 port, kufuneka silumke xa uplaga kwaye uplaga isinxibelelanisi. Ukuba iplagi yefiber imdaka ngempazamo, inokubangela ungcoliseko lwefiber port kwaye ayikwazi ukunxibelelana ngokwesiqhelo. Sihlala sibona abantu abaninzi bathanda ukuphila ukuplaga isinxibelelanisi, ngokwethiyori, kulungile, kodwa oku kukwanyusa ngokungaqondanga izehlo zokungaphumeleli kwezibuko. Ukunyamekela ngexesha lokuphatha kunokubangela umonakalo womzimba kwi-port. Ukuba ubukhulu bentloko ye-crystal bukhulu, kulula ukutshabalalisa i-port xa ufaka umtshintshi. Ukongezelela, ukuba icandelo lesibini elijijekileyo elifakwe kwi-port libonakaliswe ngaphandle, ukuba ikhebula libethelwa ngumbane, i-switch port iya konakaliswa okanye ibangele umonakalo ongenakulinganiswa. Ngokubanzi, ukusilela kwezibuko kungumonakalo kwelinye okanye izibuko ezininzi. Ke ngoko, emva kokuphelisa impazamo yekhompyuter eqhagamshelwe kwizibuko, ungabuyisela izibuko elidityanisiweyo ukuze ugwebe ukuba yonakele. Ukungaphumeleli okunjalo, hlambulula i-port ngebhola yekotoni yotywala emva kokuba umbane ucinywe. Ukuba izibuko lonakele ngokwenene, izibuko liya kutshintshwa kuphela.
(3) Ukusilela kwemodyuli:
iswitshi yenziwe ziimodyuli ezininzi, njengokupakisha imodyuli, imodyuli yolawulo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yimodyuli yolawulo), imodyuli yolwandiso, njl. ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Ukungaphumeleli okunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba imodyuli ifakwe ngengozi, okanye ukutshintsha kuyangqubana, okanye unikezelo lwamandla aluzinzile. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iimodyuli ezintathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla zonke zineembonakalo zangaphandle, ezilula ukuchonga, kwaye ezinye ziyakwazi ukuchonga iphoso ngokukhanya kwesalathisi kwimodyuli. Ngokomzekelo, imodyuli egciniweyo ine-flat trapezoidal port, okanye ezinye iiswitshi zine-interface efana ne-USB. Kukho i-CONSOLE port kwimodyuli yolawulo yokudibanisa nekhompyutheni yolawulo lwenethiwekhi yokulawula lula. Ukuba imodyuli yokwandisa ifayibha idityanisiwe, kukho iperi yefiber interfaces. Xa ulungisa iingxaki ezinjalo, qinisekisa kuqala ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha kunye nemodyuli, emva koko khangela ukuba imodyuli nganye ifakwe kwindawo echanekileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhangele ukuba intambo edibanisa imodyuli iyinto eqhelekileyo. Xa udibanisa imodyuli yokulawula, kufuneka kwakhona ithathele ingqalelo ukuba ithatha ireyithi yokudibanisa echaziweyo, nokuba kukho ukulinganisa ukulinganisa, nokuba kukho ulawulo lokuhamba kwedatha kunye nezinye izinto. Xa udibanisa imodyuli yolwandiso, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba ihambelana nemo yonxibelelwano, njengokusebenzisa imowudi ye-duplex epheleleyo okanye imowudi ye-half-duplex. Ewe, ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba imodyuli iphosakele, kukho isisombululo esinye kuphela, oko kukuthi, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ngokukhawuleza nomthengisi ukuba athathe indawo yayo.
(4) Ukusilela kwenqwelomoya:
imodyuli nganye yokutshintsha idityaniswe kwi-backplane. Ukuba ubume bendalo bumanzi, ibhodi yesekethe imanzi kwaye imfutshane, okanye amacandelo abonakaliswe ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, ukubetha kombane kunye nezinye izinto ziya kubangela ukuba ibhodi yesekethe ingasebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenza kakubi kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okanye ubushushu be-ambient buphezulu kakhulu, okubangela ubushushu kumatshini, ukuyalela ukuba amacandelo atshise. Kwimeko yonikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle oluqhelekileyo, ukuba iimodyuli zangaphakathi zokutshintsha azikwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, mhlawumbi i-backplane iphukile, kulo mzekelo, indlela yodwa kukubuyisela i-backplane. Kodwa emva kohlaziyo lwe-hardware, ipleyiti yesekethe yegama elifanayo ingaba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodeli. Ngokubanzi, imisebenzi yebhodi yesekethe entsha iya kuhambelana nemisebenzi yebhodi yesekethe endala. Kodwa umsebenzi webhodi yesekethe endala ayihambelani nomsebenzi webhodi yesekethe entsha.
(5) Ukusilela kwentambo:
i-jumper edibanisa ikhebula kunye nesakhelo sokusabalalisa sisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iimodyuli, ii-racks kunye nezixhobo. Ukuba isiphaluka esifutshane, isiphaluka esivulekileyo okanye uxhulumaniso lobuxoki lwenzeka kwintambo yentambo okanye i-jumper kule mibhobho yokudibanisa, ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokunxibelelana kuya kwenza. Ukusuka kulo mbono ungentla weempazamo ezininzi ze-hardware, indawo engafanelekanga yegumbi lomatshini kulula ukukhokelela kwiintsilelo ezahlukeneyo ze-hardware, ngoko ke ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lomatshini, isibhedlele kufuneka senze umsebenzi olungileyo wokukhusela umbane, ukunikezelwa kwamandla, ubushushu bangaphakathi, ukufuma kwendlu, ukuphazamiseka kwe-anti-electromagnetic, i-anti-static kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo lokusingqongileyo, ukubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wezixhobo zenethiwekhi.
Ukusilela kwesoftware yotshintsho:
Ukungaphumeleli kweSoftware yokutshintsha kubhekiselele kwisistim kunye nokusilela kwayo kuqwalaselo, olunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezilandelayo.
(1)impazamo kwinkqubo:
I-BUG yeNkqubo: Kukho iziphene kucwangciso lwesoftware. Inkqubo yokutshintsha yindibaniselwano yehardware kunye nesoftware. Ngaphakathi kokutshintsha, kukho imemori ehlaziyayo yokufunda kuphela egcina inkqubo yesoftware eyimfuneko kolu tshintsho. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuyila ngelo xesha, kukho izikhewu, xa iimeko zifanelekile, kuya kukhokelela ekutshintsheni umthwalo ogcweleyo, ukulahleka kwengxowa, isikhwama esingalunganga kunye nezinye iimeko. Kwiingxaki ezinjalo, kufuneka siphuhlise umkhwa wokuhlala sikhangela iiwebhusayithi zabavelisi bezixhobo. Ukuba kukho inkqubo entsha okanye indawo entsha, nceda uyihlaziye kwangexesha.
(2) Ubumbeko olungafanelekanga:
Kuba kuqwalaselo olwahlukileyo lokutshintsha, abalawuli bothungelwano bahlala beneempazamo zoqwalaselo xa uhlengahlengiso. Iimpazamo eziphambili zezi: 1. Impazamo yedatha yeSistim: idatha yenkqubo, kubandakanywa ukusetwa kwesoftware, isetyenziselwa ukuchaza inkqubo yonke. Ukuba idatha yenkqubo ayilunganga, iya kubangela ukungaphumeleli okupheleleyo kwenkqubo, kwaye ibe nefuthe kwi-bureau yonke yokutshintshiselana.2. Impazamo yedatha yeBureau: Idatha ye-bureau ichazwa ngokwemeko ethile ye-bureau yotshintshiselwano. Xa idatha yegunya ingalunganga, iya kuba nefuthe kuyo yonke iofisi yokutshintshiselana.3. Impazamo yedatha yomsebenzisi: Idatha yomsebenzisi ichaza imeko yomsebenzisi ngamnye. Ukuba idatha yomsebenzisi ibekwe ngokungalunganga, iya kuba nefuthe kumsebenzisi othile.4, i-hardware setting ayifanelekanga: ukulungiswa kwe-hardware kukunciphisa uhlobo lwebhodi yesiphaluka, kunye neqela okanye amaqela amaninzi okutshintsha ibhodi yesekethe, ukuchaza imeko yokusebenza yebhodi yesekethe okanye isikhundla kwisistim, ukuba i-hardware ayibekwanga ngokuchanekileyo, iya kukhokelela kwibhodi yesekethe ingasebenzi kakuhle. Olu hlobo lokusilela ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukulufumana, lufuna isixa esithile sokuqokelela amava. Ukuba awukwazi ukumisela ukuba kukho ingxaki kuqwalaselo, buyisela uqwalaselo olungagqibekanga lwasefektri kwaye emva koko inyathelo ngenyathelo. Kungcono ukufunda imiyalelo phambi koqwalaselo.
(3) Imiba yangaphandle:
Ngenxa yobukho bentsholongwane okanye uhlaselo lwehacker, kunokwenzeka ukuba umamkeli angathumela inani elikhulu leepakethi ezingahambelaniyo nemithetho ye-encapsulation kwizibuko elidityanisiweyo, okukhokelela ekubeni iprosesa yokutshintsha ixakeke kakhulu, okukhokelela ekubeni iipakethi zibe mva kakhulu. ukuya phambili, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuzeni kwesithinteli kunye nesenzeko selahleko yepakethi. Enye imeko sisivunguvungu sosasazo, esingathathi nje kuphela i-bandwidth eninzi yenethiwekhi, kodwa ithatha ixesha elininzi lokucubungula i-CPU. Ukuba uthungelwano luhlala kwinani elikhulu leepakethi zedatha yokusasazwa ixesha elide, unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwe-point-to point aluyi kuqhutywa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye isantya sothungelwano siya kuncipha okanye sikhubazekile.
Ngamafutshane, ukusilela kwesoftware kufuneka kube nzima ukuyifumana kunokusilela kwehardware. Xa usombulula ingxaki, kusenokungafuneki ukuba uchithe imali eninzi, kodwa ufuna ixesha elingakumbi. Umlawuli womnatha kufuneka aphuhlise umkhwa wokugcina iilogi kumsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla. Nanini na xa kusenzeka impazamo, bhala kwangethuba isenzeko sesiphoso, inkqubo yokuhlalutywa kweziphene, isisombululo sempazamo, isishwankathelo sokuhlelwa kweempazamo kunye nomnye umsebenzi, ukuze baqokelele amava abo. Emva kokusombulula ingxaki nganye, siya kuphonononga ngononophelo unobangela wengxaki kunye nesisombululo. Ngale ndlela sinokuziphucula rhoqo kwaye sigqibezele ngcono umsebenzi obalulekileyo wolawulo lwenethiwekhi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2024